Children of the Revolution Read online

  72. Charles Péguy, L’Argent suite, in Oeuvres complètes, XIV (Paris, NRF, 1932), 66, 128

  73. Pascal Blanchard and Sandrine Lemaire, Culture coloniale: La France conquise par son Empire, 1871–1931 (Paris, Autrement, 2003), 107

  74. Cited by Becker and Audoin-Rouzeau, La France, la nation, la guerre, 269

  75. Jacques Julliard, ‘La CGT devant la guerre, 1900–1914’, Mouvement Social 49 (1964) 47–62; Jolyon Howorth, ‘French Workers and German Workers: The Impossibility of Internationalism, 1900–1914’, European History Quarterly 15 (1985), 71–97

  76. La Guerre Sociale, 4–10 Feb., 6–12 May 1914

  77. Jean-Jacques Becker, Comment les Français sont entrés dans la Guerre (Paris, FNSP, 1977), 335–7

  78. Jean-Jacques Fiechter, Le Socialisme français de l’Affaire Dreyfus à la Grande Guerre (Geneva, Droz, 1965), 209

  CONCLUSION: 1914

  1. Victor Boudon, Avec Charles Péguy: De la Lorraine à la Marne (Paris, Hachette, 1916), 147

  2. Charles Horne, The Great Events of the Great War (New York, National Alumni, 1923), II, 281–2

  3. Maurice Barrès, L’Écho de Paris, 17 Sept. 1914, in Éric Cahm, Péguy et le nationalisme français de l’Affaire Dreyfus à la Grande Guerre (Paris, Cahiers de l’Amitié Charles Péguy, 25, 1972), 2–35

  4. Ibid

  5. Boudon, Avec Charles Péguy, xiii–xiv, 10–13, 173

  6. Ibid., xiii–xv

  7. Ibid., 100, 115–16, 171; Maurice Barrès, Mes cahiers, 1896–1923 (Paris, Plon, 1994), 759

  Index

  Abd-el-Kader, Algerian leader 186, 222

  Aboukir Bay, battle of (1798) 20, 219

  About, Edmond 206, 294

  Académie Celtique 70–71

  Action Française 13, 277, 280, 429, 433

  Action Libérale (1902) 360

  Action Libérale Populaire (1906) 280, 285, 360

  Adam, Adolphe, composer 181

  Adam, Edmond, politician 166, 229–36, 237, 239, 252

  Adam, Juliette, salon hostess 9, 165, 166–236, 238, 239, 252, 397–8, 412, 420

  Affre, Denis, archbishop of Paris 137

  Agoult, Marie d’, salon hostess 62, 146–7, 148, 161, 164, 165, 166

  agriculture

  depression in 313–15

  modernization of 314–15

  population working in 313, 440

  Aigues-Mortes 319

  Aix-les-Bains 88

  Albert, Marcellin, winegrowers’ leader 316–17

  Alès 341

  Alexander I, tsar of Russia 30, 33, 38, 215

  Alexander II, tsar of Russia 195, 218

  Alexander III, tsar of Russia 419, 420

  Algeria

  conquest of 60, 108, 222

  settlement in 98

  wine exports from 315

  Allain, Marcel, writer 404

  Allais, Alphonse, humorist 406

  Allemane, Jean, socialist militant 266

  Alliance Démocratique (1903) 281, 286

  Allier, Raoul, Protestant academic 337

  Allis, Harry, journalist 421

  Almereyda, Miguel, anarchist 427

  Alsace-Lorraine

  religious practice in 125–7, 349

  loss of (1870–71) 232, 239, 247, 410–12

  in German Empire 294–6, 349

  refugees from 294–5

  campaign to recover 14, 277, 429–30, 435

  Alzon, Père Emmanuel d’, Assumptionist 128, 330

  Amiens, Peace of (1802) 207, 219

  Amouretti, Frédéric, regionalist 299

  anarchism 259–60, 268–9

  anarcho-syndicalism 269–70, 281

  Ancelot, Madame, salon hostess 172

  Ancien Régime, the 1, 2, 40, 71, 114–15, 249

  Anderson, Elizabeth Garrett, doctor 166, 379, 387

  André, General Louis 283, 425

  Angoulême, Louise-Antoine, Duc d’ 43, 46, 47

  Angoulême, Marie-Thérèse Charlotte, Duchesse d’ 46, 47, 146

  Anspach, Cécile 332

  anticlericalism 119, 122, 133, 339–43, 344–5, 357–9

  Anti-Semitic League (1898) 265, 275, 276, 356

  anti-Semitism 11, 265, 266–74, 275, 350, 353–5, 356, 422

  Anzin mines 156–7, 272, 346

  strike at (1884) 317, 320

  Apollinaire, Guillaume, writer 400–401

  Ardèche, industry in 94

  religion in 348–9

  Arenberg, Auguste-Louis, Prince d’, royalist 272, 335

  army, colonial 424.

  officers 107–8,

  military reform (1868) 230, (1872) 411, (1889) 419, (1905) 424, (1913, Three-Year Law) 287, 288, 434, 435

  Aron, Marguerite, teacher 378

  Ars, curé d’ see Vianney, Jean-Marie-Baptiste

  Artois, Comte d’ see Charles X

  Association Bretonne 75, 88

  Association Catholique de la Jeunesse Française 361–2

  Associations Law

  (1834) 100

  (1901) 278, 283, 350

  Assumptionist congregation 338, 354, 358

  athletics 408–9

  Auber, Daniel, composer 181

  Auclert, Hubertine, feminist 382, 383, 386, 387, 388

  Audiffret-Pasquier, Duc d’, royalist 249, 251

  Audiganne, Armand, writer 125

  Auerstadt, battle of (1806) 33

  Augagneur, Victor, mayor of Lyon 303–4, 328

  Augereau, General Pierre 32

  Aulard, Alphonse, historian 260, 279

  Aumale, Duc d’, Orleanist prince 238

  Austerlitz, battle of (1805) 33, 170, 182, 186

  Austria

  and wars against France 20–22, 33, 37

  rule in Italy (1814–59) 201–2

  as a great power 410, 416, 419, 434

  automobile 309

  Automobile Club de France (1895) 309

  Auvergne, colony in Paris 102–3, 324

  avant-garde 390, 393, 399, 402

  Avignon 73, 77, 78

  Bailly, Vincent de Paul, Assumptionist 338, 354

  Bakunin, Michael, anarchist 234, 288

  Balkan wars (1912–13) 433

  Balzac, Honoré de, writer

  early career 173

  Béatrix 148

  The Chouans 3, 76–7, 173

  Cousin Pons 101–2

  Le Député d’Arcis 74

  Eugénie Grandet 160, 111, 114

  La Femme de trente ans 145

  The Magic Skin (La Peau de chagrin) 173

  The Peasants 91, 311

  Le Père Goriot 105–6, 110

  The Physiology of Marriage 144–5, 173

  La Vieille Fille 6, 146

  banking see bourgeoisie, financial

  Barail, Charles du, soldier 107–8

  Barante, Prosper de, historian 72–3

  Barbès, Armand, revolutionary 33, 56

  Barbets, counter-revolutionaries 25

  Bardo, Treaty of (1881) 416

  Baroche, Jules, politician 58, 60

  Barodet, Désiré, Lyon politician 242, 248, 290, 341

  Barras, Paul, Director 24, 25, 27

  Barrès, Maurice, writer and politician

  as a bohemian 394, 395

  and Boulangism 264

  and socialism 269

  Les Déracinés 326–7

  and regionalism 299–300, 301

  and the Dreyfus Affair 356–7

  and nationalism 13, 429–30

  and Péguy 363, 438–9

  Barrot, Odilon, politician 54, 58, 60

  Bartholdi, sculptor 424

  Bartholony, François, banker 87

  Barthou, Louis, politician 11, 13, 272, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 332

  Basly, Émile, miners’ leader 322, 332

  Bataille, Henri, writer 369–70

  Baudelaire, Charles, writer 188–9

  Baudin, Jean-Baptiste, republican 64

  Bazaine, General Achille 230, 233

  B
eauce 22, 92, 123, 311, 313, 314

  Beauharnais, Eugène 34

  Beauharnais, Hortense 33, 57, 60

  Beauharnais, Joséphine de 19, 27, 36, 37

  Beaumont, Gustave de, writer 212–14

  Beauquier, Charles, regionalist 301

  Belgium

  French occupy 20

  peasant war in (1799) 22

  revolt in (1830) 134

  migrants from 318

  Belleville 83–4, 374

  Belleville manifesto (1869) 90, 290, 340

  Béranger, Pierre-Jean, popular poet 48, 180

  Bérenger, Henri, writer 327, 329, 330

  Berg, Grand Duchy of (1806) 33

  Bergson, Henri, philosopher 349, 362

  Berlin, Conference of (1884) 417

  Berlin, Congress of (1878) 416

  Berlioz, Hector, composer 194

  Bernadotte, Marshal Jean-Baptiste 24, 25, 26, 30, 34, 38

  Bernard, Émile artist 395

  Berry, Duc de (assassinated 1820) 46, 74, 133

  Berry, Marie Caroline Ferdinande, Duchesse de 74, 85, 179

  Berryer, Pierre-Antoine, lawyer and politician 55, 60, 62, 89

  Bert, Paul, politician 342–3

  Berthelot, Marcelin, scientist 236

  Berthier, Marshal Louis-Alexandre 32, 34, 35, 115

  Beslay, Charles, revolutionary 241–2

  Beyle, Henri see Stendhal

  Béziers, mutiny at (1907) 284, 316–17

  Biarritz 87

  Billot, General 273, 274

  Bismarck, German chancellor

  visits Paris (1867) 195

  and German wars of unification (1864–70) 207

  and Franco-Prussian war 229, 232, 238, 243

  and France after 1870 411, 416, 417, 418, 420

  Blanc, Louis, socialist 210, 236, 253

  Blanqui, Auguste, revolutionary 7, 10, 48, 52, 53, 55, 56, 235, 237, 239, 240, 241, 243

  Blanquists 241, 243, 258, 261, 263, 264

  Bloc des Gauches (1902) 282–3, 284, 285, 385

  Bloy, Léon, writer 362, 396

  Blum, Léon, politician 273, 349, 356, 357, 362, 366–7, 398

  Bocage, Pierre, actor 171

  Boisdeffre, General 274

  Bonaparte, Caroline (1782–1839) 32

  Bonaparte, Jérôme, king of Westphalia (1784–1860) 33, 60

  Bonaparte, Jérôme-Napoléon, ‘Plon-Plon’ (1805–70) 60, 158, 263, 398

  Bonaparte, Joseph, king of Naples, then of Spain (1768–1844) 32, 33, 37

  Bonaparte, Louis, king of Holland (1778–1846) 32, 33, 44

  Bonaparte, Louis-Napoleon (1808–73) see Napoleon III

  Bonaparte, Louis-Napoléon-Eugène, prince imperial (1856–79) 250, 257

  Bonaparte, Lucien (1775–1840) 26, 28, 32

  Bonaparte, Napoleon (1769–1821) see Napoleon I

  Bonapartism

  under monarchy 47–8, 184

  in the Second Republic 57–8

  in Third Republic 11, 246, 247–8, 250, 261, 262, 263, 276, 290

  Bonnard, Pierre, artist 395–6

  Bordeaux

  travel to 76, 86

  government retreat to (1870) 237, 289

  National Assembly in (1871) 239

  Bory, mayor of Lyon 242

  Boucicaut, Aristide, trader 103

  Bouguereau, William, artist 196–7, 392

  Bouillé, Jean-Pierre, prefect 68

  Boulanger, General Georges 260–65

  Boulanger Affair 260–65, 299–300, 418

  Boulogne, camp at (1804) 33

  Bonapartist landing at (1840) 57, 60

  Bourdon, Victor, soldier 437, 438, 439

  Bourgeois, Léon, politician 270–71, 272

  bourgeoisie

  administrative 105–9, 332–3

  commercial/industrial 110–12, 334–5

  financial 87, 112–14, 334–5

  professional 327–31

  Bourges, Michel de, lawyer 147

  Bourget, Paul, writer 366, 369, 397

  Bourgoing, Baron, Bonapartist 250

  Bourmont, Count Ghislaine de 26

  Bourses du Travail 270, 322–3

  Bouvier, Jeanne, labour militant 320, 373–5, 384

  Braque, Georges, artist 401

  Brazza, Captain Pierre Savorgnan de, explorer 417

  Brès, Madeleine, doctor 153, 236

  Brest 66, 67

  Briand, Aristide, politician 269–70, 271, 284, 285, 286, 287, 306, 308, 321, 359, 387

  brigandage 22, 67

  Brisson, Henri, politician 275, 423

  Brittany

  administrators in 69–70

  agriculture in 314,

  in art 395, 396

  Breton language in 70, 75, 297, 304–5

  colony in Paris 314, 347

  counter-revolution in see chouannerie

  discovered by writers 66–7, 75

  migration from 314, 321

  provincial liberties of 88

  religious practice in 70, 75, 128–30

  tourism in 308–10

  Broglie, Albert de, politician 247, 248, 250–51, 253, 290–91

  Broglie, Victor de, politician 35–6, 44, 62, 64, 115

  Bruant, Aristide, impresario 406

  Brousse, Paul, socialist 250, 259, 260, 266

  Brune, Marshal (killed 1815) 73, 78

  Bruno, G. see Fouillée, Augustine

  Bückler, Johannes, alias Schinderhannes 22

  Budes de Guébrinant, Hervé, Breton royalist 316

  Buffet, André, royalist 276, 277, 278

  Buffet, Louis, royalist 276

  Bugeaud, General Thomas-Robert 222

  Buisson, Ferdinand, Protestant academic 140, 343, 357, 359

  Bülow, Bernhard von, German chancellor 426

  Bureau, Gaston, actor 177

  Byron, Lord 184, 185

  cabinets de lecture 175

  Cachin, Marcel, socialist 419

  Cadoudal, Georges, royalist conspirator 26, 30, 31