Children of the Revolution Read online

  in opposition to Napoleon 29

  and Paris Commune 241, 243

  and socialism 258

  in Third Republic 300, 307–8

  Jaluzot, Jules, storeowner 324

  Jarry, Alfred, writer 401

  Jasset, Victorin, film-maker 408

  Jaurès, Jean, socialist leader

  early career of 268

  and democratic socialism 12, 268, 281, 282–3, 284, 288, 302

  and Dreyfus Affair 274, 275

  and antimilitarism 287

  and patriotism 427, 434

  assassination of (1914) 435

  Jefferson, Thomas, American president 211, 212

  Jena, battle of (1806) 33, 186

  Jesuits

  expelled (1828) 133

  expelled (1880) 342

  and education 136, 331, 332, 341, 342, 351, 361

  under attack 136

  Jews

  of Alsace-Lorraine 125–7

  Sephardic 113, 350

  emancipation of 126

  eastern European 319, 349–50

  See also anti-Semitism, Dreyfus Affair

  Joan of Arc

  statue of 1872 414

  statue of 1874 338, 341, 415

  declared Venerable (1894) 352–3

  beatifi ed (1909) 363, 429

  in Great War 436, 438, 439, 443

  Joanne, Paul, publisher 308–9

  Joffre, Marshal Joseph 332, 431, 437, 438

  Joinville, Prince de 239

  Joubert, General Barthélemy 25

  Jouhaux, Léon, labour leader 434, 436

  Jourdan, General 21, 24, 25, 29

  Loi Jourdan (1798) 21–2

  Jugan, Jeanne, nun 149–50

  Jullien, Louis-Antoine, musician 180–81

  July Monarchy

  as political system 51, 53–4, 74

  and art 186–7

  and women 161

  June Days (1848) 8, 9, 10, 56, 82, 85, 100, 137, 240

  Kahn, Zadoc, Grand Rabbi 349

  Kahnweiler, Daniel-Henry, art dealer 400

  Kauffmann, Caroline, feminist 386

  Kellermann, General François 32, 35

  Kergomard, Pauline, nursery-school reformer 376, 383

  Kestner family 256

  Ketteler, Wilhelm von, bishop of Mainz 352

  Keufer, Auguste, printers’ leader 375

  Kitchener, Horatio Herbert, Lord 422, 423

  La Borderie, Arthur de, historian 88

  Labori, Fernand, lawyer 371

  Laboulaye, Édouard, politician 251

  labour movement 266–70, 282, 284–5, 320–23, 326

  Lacombe, Claire, revolutionary 158

  Lachaud, Georges, politician 263

  Lacordaire, Jean-Baptiste-Henri, Dominican 134–5, 137, 194

  Lafayette, Marquis de

  and American War of Independence 4

  and French Revolution 4, 212

  and Napoleon 36, 212

  US tour of (1824–5) 212

  and 1830 Revolution 46–8

  Lafargue, Paul, socialist 259, 263, 267

  Laffi tte, Jacques, banker and politician 46, 116

  Laforgue, Jules, poet 394

  Laguerre, Georges, politician 383

  Lamarque, General Louis-Gabriel 52

  Lamartine, Alphonse de, writer and politician 54, 88, 145, 169, 171, 220–21, 222, 225

  Lamber, Juliette see Adam, Juliette

  Lamennais, Félicité de, radical priest 8, 132–5, 136, 137, 139, 350

  La Messine, Juliette see Adam, Juliette

  Lamoignan, Marquis de 114

  Langlois, Charles, historian 306, 307

  languages, minority 297–8, 304–5

  Languedoc 316–17, 318

  Lannes, Marshal Jean 32, 34

  La Rochejacquelein, Louis de 72

  La Rochejacquelein, Marquise de 72–3, 74, 75, 116

  La Rochelle, mutiny of (1822) 48

  La Salette, shrine 338, 362, 363

  Launay, Vicomte de see Girardin, Delphine de

  Lavigerie, Cardinal Charles 351

  La Villemarqué, Théodore Hersent de, regionalist 75

  Lavisse, Ernest, historian 11, 215, 306, 307, 313–14, 423

  Lazare, Bernard, anarchist 273, 356

  League for Human Regeneration (1898) 368

  Le Bail, Georges, politician 359

  Leblanc, Maurice, writer 404

  Leblois, Louis, lawyer 273

  Le Braz, Anatole, regionalist 301

  Lebrun, Charles-François, consul 28

  Le Chambon-Feugerolles 319–20

  Le Chapelier law (1791) 98

  Lecomte, General Claude 240

  Le Creusot

  ironworks in 96

  strike (1870) 101

  commune in (1871) 242, 289

  local government in 303

  Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre, politician 54, 55, 58, 164, 253

  Lefebvre, Marshal François Joseph 32–4

  Lefebvre, Raymond, socialist 287

  Léger, Fernand, artist 400

  Legien, Karl, German labour leader 434

  Legitimists

  in July Monarchy 74–5, 84, 107, 169

  in Second Republic 59, 85

  in Second Empire 62

  in Third Republic 246, 247, 248–50, 251, 257

  Lemaître, Frédéric, actor 178

  Lemaître, Jules, writer and politician 277, 356, 398, 402

  Lemire, Abbé Jules Auguste 355, 366

  Leo XIII, Pope (1878–1903) 344, 351, 352

  Léon, Léonie, Gambetta’s mistress 256, 412

  Léon, Pauline, revolutionary 185

  Leroux, Pierre, socialist 108

  Leroyer de Chantepie, Mlle 190

  Lescure, Louis-Marie, Marquis de, Vendean leader 72

  Lesseps, Ferdinand de, diplomat and promoter 225–6, 265

  Lesseps, Mathieu de, diplomat 221

  Lévy, Calmann 191, 349

  Lévy, Michel 191

  Lévy, Simon 191

  liberals

  at the Restoration 46–7, 48–50

  in the July Monarchy 51

  under the Second Empire 62–5

  Lieven, Princesse 53

  Ligue de l’Enseignement (1867) 140, 340

  Ligue de la Patrie Française (1899) 276–7, 280, 283, 356

  Ligue des Droits de l’Homme (1898) 275, 357, 437

  Ligue des Patriotes (1882) 261, 262, 264, 276, 417, 418, 422

  Ligue du Midi (1870) 234, 289

  Ligue Nationale de la Décentralisation (1895) 300

  Ligue Patriotique des Françaises (1902) 385

  Ligue Syndicale du Travail, de l’Industrie et du Commerce (1888) 324

  Lille

  industry in 320

  politics in 267

  Limoges 347

  Limousin 95, 102, 124

  masons from 95

  Linder, Max, film star 408

  Liszt, Franz, composer 62, 147, 148

  Littré, Émile, lexicographer 192

  Lockroy, Édouard, politician 224

  Lodi, battle of (1796) 20, 202

  Longuet, Charles, socialist 301

  Looten, Camille, regionalist 301

  Lorraine, ironfi elds in 321

  Loti, Pierre, writer 397, 398

  Loubet, Émile, president of the Republic (1899–1906) 278, 279, 292, 359

  Louis XIV, king of France (1643–1715) 71, 298

  Louis XV, king of France (1715–74) 35

  Louis XVI, king of France (1774–92) 2

  Louis XVIII, king of France (1814–24) 24, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 47, 107

  Louis-Philippe, king of the French (1830– 48) 50, 53, 59, 106, 171, 221, 238

  Louis, Paul, socialist 426

  Lourdes, shrine 130–31, 361

  Loynes, Comtesse de 158, 398

  Lugné-Poë, Aurélien, theatre director 396

  Lumière brothers, cinema pioneers 407

  Luynes, Duc de 36

 
Lyautey, General Hubert 13, 416, 421, 422, 423, 425, 430, 431

  Lyon

  transport to 76

  silk industry 98

  silkworkers’ revolts (1831, 1834) 99–100, 113

  industrialization 319

  rebuilding of 87

  in 1870–71 234, 242, 290

  local government in 289, 290, 292, 303–4

  Macdonald, Marshal Étienne 21, 34, 40

  MacMahon, Patrice, president of the Republic (1873–9) 248, 250, 252, 253, 341, 411

  Macé, Jean, education reformer 140

  Mackau, Baron Armand de, politician 257, 261, 263

  Maeterlinck, Maurice, playwright 396, 399

  Magne, Pierre, politician 87

  Malet, General, conspirator 38

  Mallarmé, Stéphane, poet 393–4

  Malon, Benoît, socialist 241, 353, 397

  Manet, Édouard, artist 188, 197, 198

  Mangin, General Charles 13

  Manning, Cardinal Henry Edward 252

  Marat, Jean-Paul, revolutionary 7, 52

  Marchand, Major Jean-Baptiste 277, 422, 423

  Maréchal, Sylvain, revolutionary 159

  Marengo, battle of (1800) 202

  Maret, Abbé Henri 136–7

  Margerie, Pierre de, diplomat 332

  Marie-Antoinette, queen of France 36, 158

  Marie-Louise, empress of the French 37, 159

  Maritain, Jacques, Catholic militant 362, 363

  Maritain, Raïssa, Catholic militant 362, 363

  Marmont, Marshal Auguste 44

  Marne, battle of the (1914) 14, 437–8

  Mars, Mlle, actress 177, 178

  Marseille

  transport to 76

  commune of (1871) 273, 242, 289, 290

  local government in 290, 302–3

  Martel de Janville, Comtesse de see Gyp

  Marx, Karl 208, 235, 243, 259

  Masséna, Marshal André 21, 32, 34

  Massis, Henri 363, 433

  Mathilde, Princesse 197, 391, 392, 401

  Matisse, Henri, artist 400–401

  Maugeret, Marie, Catholic feminist 385

  Maupassant, Guy de, writer 392, 397, 406

  Maurras, Charles

  and regionalism 12, 298–9

  and nationalism 13, 277, 429

  and monarchism 277, 429

  and religion 356, 363

  and Barrès 269

  see also Action Française

  Mauté, Mathilde 393

  May Day 267, 268

  Mazières-en-Gâtine 312–13, 324–25

  Mehemet Ali, viceroy of Egypt 221

  Méliès, Georges, film-maker 407–8

  Méline, Jules, politician 256, 271, 272, 274, 278, 281

  Mercet, Émile, banker 334–5

  Mercier, General Auguste 274–5

  Mérimée, Prosper, writer 78, 147, 172, 391

  Metz, surrender of (1870) 231, 233, 237

  Meyerbeer, Giacomo, composer 181

  Michel, Louise, revolutionary 10, 259, 382, 397

  Michelet, Jules, historian 9

  tours France 77

  History of France 77–8, 138

  and Jesuits 138

  and Joan of Arc 414

  Michelin, André and Édouard, manufacturers 309, 310, 333–4

  Midi, disorder in 73–4

  Mignet, François, historian 7

  Milan 20, 21, 33, 199, 200, 201, 202

  Millaud, Polydore, newspaperman 192

  Millerand, Alexandre, politician

  early career 12, 13, 260, 261, 267, 419

  and socialism 268, 383

  and Dreyfus Affair 274

  Millerand Affair 278, 281, 283, 284, 285

  minister of war 286, 287, 288, 431, 432, 438

  Minck, Paule, socialist 346–7

  Mirecourt, Eugène de, writer 172

  Mistral, Frédéric, poet and regionalist 88, 297–9, 300

  modernism 390, 393, 396, 397, 399–402

  Molé, Mathieu-Louis, politician 35–6

  Mommsen, Theodor, historian 412

  Monet, Claude, artist 393

  Monnier, Henri, dramatist 178–9

  Monod, Sarah, philanthropist 385

  Montagne, the (1849) 59, 85, 234

  Montalembert, Charles Forbes René de, liberal Catholic 89, 125, 134–9, 350

  Montcalm, Marquise de, salon hostess 116

  Montceau-les-Mines 345–6

  Montépin, Xavier de, writer 404

  Montesquiou, Robert de, dilettante 336, 401

  Montluçon 302

  Montpellier 284

  Montulé, Édouard de, traveller 209, 210, 216

  Moréas, Jean, writer 395

  Moreau, General Jean-Victor 21, 30, 31, 32, 38

  Morès, Antoine, Marquis de 265

  Morny, Charles, Duc de 60, 61, 87–8, 116, 187, 192

  Morocco crises (1905) 425–6, (1911–12), 430–31

  Moscow, retreat from (1812) 6, 37, 39, 71, 214–15

  Motte, Eugène, industrialist and politician 303

  Moulin de la Galette 407

  Moulin Rouge 407

  Mun, Albert de, Catholic politician

  and Catholic party 280, 285, 335, 351, 360

  and Republic 351, 352

  and Dreyfus Affair 272, 274

  and Catholic youth 361

  Murat, Joachim, marshal and king of Naples 9, 32, 33, 37

  Musard, Philippe, musician 180

  music

  ballet 400

  café-concerts 193–4, 406–7