Children of the Revolution Read online

  Réveille, Albert, historian 415

  Revolution of 1789

  and division of France 67–8

  and sale of land 91–2

  and social mobility 110–11

  and religion 120–21

  Revolution of 1830 50

  and anticlericalism 119, 122, 133

  and workers 99

  and Germany 205

  and art 185

  Revolution of 1848

  and universal suffrage 55–6

  and women’s suffrage 163–4

  and religion 136–7

  see also June Days

  Rhineland, under French rule 5, 6, 20, 33

  Confederation of the Rhine 33

  Ricard, Xavier de, regionalist 298, 300, 301, 316

  Richard, Albert, Lyon workers’ leader 234

  Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, Duc de, soldier and politician 30, 43, 116, 215

  Richer, Léon, campaigner 166, 370, 382

  Rieffel, Jules, agronomist 75

  Rigault, Raoul, revolutionary 241

  Rimbaud, Arthur, poet 12, 393

  Rive-de-Gier 318, 319, 323

  Rivoli, battle of (1797) 20

  roads see transport

  Roanne 163

  Robespierre, Maximilien, revolutionary 7, 19, 52, 54

  Robin, Paul, campaigner 368

  Roche, Émile, politician 286

  Rochechouart, Comte de, soldier 215

  Rochefort, Henri, politician 10, 64, 1923

  and Paris Commune 239, 243, 252

  and Boulangism 262, 263, 264

  and anti-Semitism 265, 353

  and Dreyfus Affair 274, 275, 386

  Rochefort, Noémie 386

  Romantic movement 8, 11, 168–73, 391

  Rome

  French troops occupy (1849) 138

  French troops withdraw (1870) 337

  Rome, King of see Napoleon II

  Rondet, Michel, miners’ leader 322

  Rostand, Edmond, playwright 398–9, 402

  Rothschild, Gustave de 332, 384

  Rothschild, James de 113–14, 232

  Rothschild, Marguerite de 335

  Roubaix

  textile industry in 156, 318, 320, 373

  politics in 267, 275, 302, 347

  Rouen, textile industry in 94, 112

  Rouergue, the 94, 95

  Rouher, Eugène, politician 58, 60, 61, 64, 65

  Rouvier, Maurice, politician 261, 265, 282, 425

  royalism

  in First Republic 20–21, 24

  at Restoration (ultras) 43, 44, 73–4

  in Second Republic 84, 85

  in Third Republic 238–9, 248–50, 257, 261, 262, 263, 264, 290

  see also Legitimism, Orleanism, Action Française

  Royer, Clémence, scientist 383

  Royer-Collard, Pierre-Paul, politician and philosopher 45

  Rudler, François-Joseph, administrator 68

  Ruffo, Cardinal Fabrizio, counter-revolutionary 21

  rugby 408, 409

  Russia

  and revolutionary wars 21

  invaded by France (1812) 37–8, 199, 214–15

  and occupation of France (1814–18) 215–16

  Decembrist revolt in (1825) 217–18

  French visitors on 214–19

  art of 218–19

  Church in 217

  literature of 420

  and French alliance (1894) 419–21, 435

  Sacré-Coeur, basilica of 338

  Saint-Arnaud, Marshal Armand-Jacques Leroy de 60

  Saint-Chamond 319

  Saint-Cyr, military school 107–8

  Saint-Denis 302, 321, 352

  Saint-Étienne

  industry in 94, 96, 163, 318, 319, 372–3

  commune in (1871) 242, 289

  labour organization in 321–2

  municipalization of services in 302, 303

  Saint-Just, Louis de, revolutionary 7, 52

  Saint-Malo 66

  former diocese of 128–9

  Saint-Nazaire 270

  Saint-Ouen 302

  Saint-Simonian movement 108, 161–3, 167

  Sainte-Beuve, Charles Augustin, literary critic 158, 170, 171, 180, 189, 391, 398

  Sainte-Croix, Avril de, feminist 383

  Salisbury, Robert Cecil, Marquis of 416, 423

  Salon, the see painting

  salons 147, 159, 160, 170, 172, 252, 393, 397–8, 399–400

  Sand, George, writer 9, 73, 135, 147–8, 163–4, 165, 233, 244, 246, 378

  Sangnier, Marc, Catholic militant 14, 361–2

  Sarcey, Francisque, journalist 236

  Sarraut, Albert and Maurice, press barons and politicians 293

  Sartre, Jean-Paul 406

  Saumonneau, Louise, socialist and feminist 384, 388

  Say, Jean-Baptiste, economist 208, 252

  Say, Léon, politician 251, 252, 254, 342

  Sazie, Léon, writer 404

  Scey-Montbéliard, Comte Pierre-Georges de, royalist 71–2

  Scheurer-Kestner, Auguste, politician 9, 63, 251, 256, 273–4, 411

  Schmahl, Jeanne, feminist 12, 387

  Schneider, Eugène, industrialist and politician 62, 101, 112, 195, 231

  Schneider, Eugène II, industrialist 303

  Schneider, Henri, industrialist 302, 334

  Schneider, Hortense, actress 194, 195

  Scott, Walter, writer 171, 184, 185, 364

  Scribe, Eugène, playwright and librettist 179–80, 181, 191

  seaside, the 87–8, 308–10

  Section Française de l’Internationale Ouvrière (1905) 283, 284, 287, 288, 388, 427, 434

  Sedan, battle of (1870) 231, 411, 415

  Sée, Camille, politician 353, 377

  Ségur, Comtesse Sophie de, writer 192

  Seize Mai crisis (1877) 253, 257, 260, 341

  Semaine Sanglante (May 1871) 243–4, 258

  Senior, Nassau William, economist 209

  Separation of Church and state (1905) 284, 341, 441

  Sérusier, Paul, artist 395

  Seurat, Georges, artist 12, 396, 397

  Shakespeare, plays of 170, 177, 178, 208, 218

  Siegfried, Julie, philanthropist 385

  Sieyès, Abbé Emmanuel Joseph, writer and politician 3–4, 25, 27, 28

  Signac, Paul, artist 12, 396, 397

  Sillon, the 361–2

  Simon, Jules, politician 89, 109, 351, 253, 340, 370

  Simond, Louis, traveller 208–9

  Singer, Winaretta see Polignac, Princesse de

  Smith, Southwood, physician and reformer 208–9

  Smith, W. H., bookseller 192

  socialism

  Marxist 10, 11, 12, 258, 267

  Proudhonist 258, 266–7, 270

  reformist 12, 26, 267–8

  and labour movement 267, 268, 269

  and local government 301–3

  and religion 346

  and feminism 382, 388

  and war 426–8, 435–6

  Society for the Amelioration of Women’s Condition (1870) 166

  Society for the Emancipation of Women (1848) 164

  Society for Female Suffrage (1878) 382

  Society for Maternal Charity (1810) 159–60

  Society of Friends of Liberty and Equality (1797) 24

  Society of Friends of the People (1830) 7, 52

  Society of Revolutionary Republican Women (1793) 158

  Society of the Rights of Man (1831) 7, 52, 53

  Society of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1888) 264

  Society of the Seasons (1839) 53

  Solages, Marquis de, industrialist and politician 268

  Soult, Marshal Jean-de-Dieu 34, 115

  Souvestre, Pierre, writer 404

  spa towns 88

  Spain

  occupied by France (1808) 37

  invaded (1823) 47

  sport, 408–9

  Spuller, Eugène, politician 352

  Staël, Germa
ine de, writer

  life and loves 142–3

  and politics 5, 38, 39–40, 44, 46, 159, 304

  Corinne 200–201

  Delphine 141–2, 164

  On Germany 30, 38, 203–5

  Steeg, Jules, educationist 341

  Stein, Gertrude, writer and patron 400

  Stendhal, writer

  career 36, 172

  The Charterhouse of Parma 199

  Life of Henri Brulard 78

  Le Rouge et le noir 172–3

  on French civilization 78

  on Italy 199–200, 201, 202, 203

  on Britain 206, 209

  Stern, Daniel see Agoult, Marie d’

  Stockach, battle of (1799) 21

  Strauss, Johann, musician 180

  Stravinsky, Igor, composer 400

  strikes see labour movement

  Sue, Eugène, writer 81

  The Mysteries of Paris 81–2, 83, 195

  Suez Canal 198, 225–6

  Suez Canal Company 335, 416

  suffrage, limited 10

  universal 55–6, 246–7, 252, 256

  women’s 163–4, 381–3, 385–8

  Suvarov, General Alexander 21

  Swetchine, Madame Sophie 135

  Syllabus of Errors, The (1864) 139, 339

  Symbolism 12, 393–5, 396, 397, 399

  Syria 5, 21, 221

  Syveton, Gabriel, politician 276, 283

  Taine, Hippolyte, writer 190, 203, 398

  Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles-Maurice, Prince de, statesman

  and the Revolution 4, 20, 25

  and Napoleon 32, 34

  and Madame de Staël 143, 159

  at the Restoration 38–9, 43, 44

  death of 109

  Talleyrand-Périgord, Hélie, Prince de 335

  Talma, actor 177

  Tarde, Alfred de, writer 433

  Tardieu, André, politician 307

  tariffs 256, 271

  Taylor, Baron Isidore, theatre director 170

  Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich 420

  Teisserenc de Bort, Pierre-Edmond, politician 294

  Terront, Charles, cyclist 409

  Terror, reign of (1793–4) 2, 4, 7, 23, 27, 54, 55, 131

  Terror, White (1815) 42, 43, 73–4

  Thabault, Roger, writer 312–13

  Thalamas, Amédée, teacher 429

  theatre 177–80, 187–8, 391, 396, 398–9

  Thermidor (July 1794) 5

  Thiébaud, Georges, Bonapartist 10

  Thiers, Adolphe

  journalist and historian 7, 48, 49

  minister under July Monarchy 50, 52, 54, 108, 221, 222

  opposition under Second Empire 60, 64

  in Government of National Defence (1870) 290, 231–2, 351

  head of executive power (1871) 239– 40, 241, 243, 290

  president of the Republic (1871–3) 247–8, 287, 340, 410, 411

  Thivrier, Christophe, socialist 302

  Thomas, General Clément 240

  Three Year Law (1913) see army

  Tilsit, Treaty of (1807) 33

  Tocqueville, Alexis de

  Democracy in America 212–14

  on Britain 209

  on Algeria 222

  and Second Republic 58, 82, 85, 86, 177

  and Second Empire 60, 62

  The Ancien Régime and the Revolution 62

  Tolain, Henri, labour leader 101

  Tolstoy, Leo 420

  Toulouse

  royalists attack (1799) 26

  counter-revolution in (1815) 43, 73

  commune in (1871) 242, 289

  Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri de, artist 406, 407

  Tour de France

  of workers 96–7, 99

  of cyclists 409

  Touring Club de France (1890) 309, 310

  trade unions

  law of 1864 100–101

  law of 1884 315–16, 321–3, 325–6

  Trafalgar, battle of (1805) 33

  transport

  road 66–7, 75–6, 309–10

  water 75

  rail 76, 86–7, 111, 113–14, 308

  Trebbia River, battle of the (1799) 21

  Tremoïlle, Princesse de la 116

  Tridon, Gustave, revolutionary 241

  Tristan, Flora, socialist and feminist 162–3, 209, 210, 382

  Trochu, General Louis-Jules 230, 232, 233, 235, 237, 238

  Trouville 87

  Troyes 319, 373

  Truquin, Norbert, worker 97–8, 100

  Tunisia 331, 416, 432

  Turgenev, Ivan 190, 391, 420

  Ulm 33

  Union of the Right (1885) 257, 261, 344, 352

  Union Régionaliste Bretonne (1898) 301

  Union Sacrée (1914) 286–7

  United States

  War of Independence 4

  French visitors on 211–14

  sale of Louisiana (1803) 211, 212

  native Americans 212, 213–14

  slavery 214

  Uzès, Marie Adrienne, Duchesse d’ 263

  Vaillant, Auguste, anarchist 269

  Vaillant, Édouard, socialist 241, 258, 259, 268, 269, 274, 281

  Vaillant-Couturier, Paul, socialist 287

  Vaïsse, Claude Marius, administrator 87

  Valéry, Paul, poet 394